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Writer's pictureIosua Ioane Fānene

Comparative linguistics for breakfast

Updated: Sep 18, 2019



Shifts in consonants can occur in surprising ways, such as:

/n/ => /ng/ => /g/ => /k/


Let's take a look at the concept of speech and words used to relate to it such as the #Polynesian word GAGA (as of #GAGANA or "language", such as GAGANA #SĀMOA for "Sāmoan Language").


For example: #NANA: 菜奈 (Japanese) meaning "Enduring Greenery"/"Eternal Crops" as with the proverb "Nana-korobi Ya-oki (七転び八起き)" which means "fall 7 times, but rise 8" in other words "to persist"; In Sāmoan it means "to urge", "to request", "to persist in asking" ("like a swarm of soldier crabs"); "to boast". In both definitions there is a clear sense of persistence.


#NGANA: "to be eagerly intent"; one of the Powers of the Air, a son of #Hau-#ngangana ("Blustering Wind"/"Bountiful Languages"/"Boastful Speeches"... ooh sounds like the biblical confusion of languages story) - from Māori legends. This was the father of #NGANA-#NUI ("the Great and Eager Intentions"), who was father of #NGANA-#RURU ("Bound together are the eager intentions" / "The Fellowship"), who was father of #NGANA-#MAWHAKI ("broken apart are the eager intentions" / "The Fellowship is Broken"), who was the great grandfather of #TIKI (#MĀUI-TIKI-TIKI; TIKI means "vertical", connotations of "pulling up", as with "top knot hairstyle", also a "post" as in marker in the ground to denote the foundation of a home).


#NAGA: "to hide"; "the place where a net is hidden to catch fish" (Sāmoan); In Sanskrit: #नाग "a serpent-demon" / "priest". In Polynesian lore, serpents and fish are interchangeable class of creatures and often referred to as MO'O / #MŌ / #MOO or #MOKO. Words are often symbolically linked with "speech", and "wisdom".


#NAKA: 腹 (Japanese) - means "belly", "abdomen", "cave", "vitals", "hollow object"

It is comprised of radicals "moon", "roof", "sun", and RA meaning "go"/"to move", suggestive of the womb of a pregnant woman with a child moving inside, or of an empty belly with hunger cramps moving inside. In Sumerian metaphor a baby inside is likened as to a fish. Fish men in Sumeria are always depicted as sages and bearers of enlightenment or intellectual and spiritual illumination. And as mentioned above, In Polynesia, fish and serpents are often interchangeable metaphors, especially with regards to spirits such as #AUMAKUA (ancestral spirits), or even demons ('AITU / #AITU / #AIKU).


#NGANGA: "to make a noise", "a noise", "a cry of distress" (Māori)


#GAGA: "to give permission" (Samoan)

The transition of consonantal articulation can also happen in the reverse such as with /k/ to /g/ to /ng/ to /n/.


======= Analysis: ======= In the above examples we see that a common thread weaving together all the variations of NANA through GAGA retain a sense of propagation, repetition or persistence, and movement in hollow places or orifices, particularly the mouth and belly. And human speech and knowledge touches on all of these attributes.

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